Liquid cooling means for internal combustion engines



June 13, 1939.

R. M. HAZEN LIQUID COOLING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Filed Oct. '7, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Quin/0' R. M. HAZEN 2,162,Q82 LIQ UID COOLING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES June 13, 1939.

Filed Oct. 7, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 attorneys Patented June 13, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LIQUID COOLING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Application October 7,

6 Claims.

My invention relates to cooling systems for internal combustion engines and the object thereof is to secure more effective cooling of the exhaust and supply valve seats and of the parts associated therewith, and of the spark plugs of the engine, than is secured in cooling systems heretofore in use; that result being attained by certain features of the cooling system hereinafter described and claimed whereby streams of cooling liquid are directed toward and made to flow at high velocity past the parts to be cooled.

My invention is shown as applied to the several cylinders of a multiple cylinder engine block of the type disclosed in the patent to Harold Caminez l5 and Normal H. Gilman, No. 2,054,926, September 22, 1936, wherein each cylinder has two intake and two exhaust valves, and two spark plugs arranged one upon each side of the block; although it may be applied to other engines wherein a hollow liquid cooled cylinder head (as in that patent) closes the upper end of a cylinder or cylinders and carries the valves and spark plug, and wherein cooling liquid flows upward through a chamber enclosing a cylinder or cylinders and into a hollow head. My invention is of particular importance in providing more effective cooling for the exhaust valve or valves and parts associated therewith, although and as herein disclosed it provides also for more efiective cooling of the intake or supply valves and for the spark plug or plugs with which the engine is provided.

In the drawings wherein the preferred form 0 my invention is illustrated:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary sectional view showing conventional internal combustion engine parts having cooling means in accordance with my invention, the view being taken upon a vertical plane at right angles to the crankshaft of the engine indicated by the line I-I, Figure 3.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary view showing a sec tion upon a plane indicated by the line 2-2, Figure 3, looking down.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary view partly in side elevation and partly broken away to show fea- 5 tures otherwise hidden, this view showing the exhaust side of a cylinder block comprising a plurality of parallel cylinders. I

Referring now to the drawings, the numeral 5 designates the upper end of the crankcase of an 0 internal combustion engine, and 6 the engine head which extends along the upper ends of a plurality of parallel cylinders, as will be understood from Figure 3, and which head is hollow as usual to provide an internal cooling liquid space 55 1 extending longitudinally of the head. In the 1937, Serial No. 167,697

particular engine illustrated duplicate intake and exhaust valves and seats therefor are provided for each cylinder, as shown in dotted lines, the exhaust passages for the several cylinders being indicated by the numeral 9, in Figure 3.

The numeral I0, Figure 1, designates one of the several cylinders of the engine. They are made from steel tubes and have external shoulders II at their upper ends, and portions I2 which extend into seats I3 within the cylinder head, tight joints between the upper ends of the cylinders and the seats being provided by heating the head and allowing the seats to shrink about the upper ends of the cylinders as the head cools as in the patent hereinbefore referred to.

The numeral I -I designates a jacket which extends longitudinally of the cylinders I II and encloses all of them, the same being shown as corrugated so that it may expand and contract independently of the cylinders. The upper end of this jacket has a flange 36 which is secured to a corresponding flange I5 at the lower end of the cylinder head by a seriesof spaced stud bolts I6; and the jacket I4 is spaced apart from. the cylinders whereby a chamber I1 is provided between the two. The upper end of this chamber communicates with the interior of the cylinder head 6 as will be understood.

The cylinders I0 have also external shoulders I8 adjacent their lower ends, and they are externally threaded at I9 and extend through holes at 20 and into the crankcase 5. The jacket I4 has inwardly extending ledges 2| adjacent its lower end which lie beneath the lower shoulders l8 of the cylinders and the lower end 22 of the jacket rests upon the upper end of the crankcase as shown. Internally threaded rings 23 engage the threads I9 and provide liquid tight joints between the lower shoulders I8 and the ledges 2 I, as shown in Figure 1. In assembling the parts the head 6 is heated, the extensions I2 of the cylinders are inserted in the seats I3, and the head permitted to cool, whereupon shrink joints are provided between the upper ends of the cylinders and the head. The jacket I4 is next put in place over the lower ends of the cylinders and the rings." screwed onto the cylinders to provide liquid tight joints between the shoulders I8 and the ledges 2| and the upper end of the jacket'is secured to the underside of the head by the stud bolts I6; and the cylinder block thus assembled is secured to the upper end of the crankcase by tie rods or bolts 24, see Figure 3, extending upward from the crankcase and through passages in the cylinder head as in the patent hereinbefore referred to.

Arranged within the chamber l1 and surrounding the cylinders I 0 are tubular metallic sleeves 25, one for each cylinder, the lower ends of said sleeves fitting closely about the flanges l8 and being supported from the ledges 2|. These sleeves extend upward past the jacket l4 and head flange I5 and terminate at the under sides of the seats l3, and their purpose is to cause cooling liquid flowing upward and into the head to move in close contact with the outer surfaces of the cylinders l 0 and at a rapid rate along the cylinders. These sleeves fit closely about the cylinders so as to confine the upwardly flowing streams and keep them in contact with the exteriors of the cylinders, but liquid tight joints are not essential and the space within the jacket I4 outside the sleeves is commonly full of the cooling liquid made use of. The sleeves are made of thin sheet metal or tubing and they are subjected to substantially no strain when in use, pressure being the same or substantially-the same both within and upon their outsides; and they may be made of any suitable metal as their purpose is to confine the upwardly flowing streams of cooling liquid and cause them to flow in contact with the steel cylinders. Ill. The upwardly flowing streams, however, are of less area than is the case where uniform upward movement of the entire volume of cooling liquid inside the jacket I and through the chamber I! has to be maintained; and the flow through the annular spaces between the cylinders and the sleeves is commonly much more rapid than-when such sleeves are not used, from which it follows that a more rapid dissipation of heat is secured with a given volume of flow of cooling liquid than has heretofore commonly been the case.

The upper ends of the sleeves 25 are enlarged as shown at 26, and the sides of said enlarged portions contact with the inner edge of the flange at the upper end of the jacket H, as shown in Figure 1; and said upper ends have flattened portions 21, Figure 2, which contact with one another and prevent the sleeves from turning inside the chamber IT. The lower ends of the sleeves flt close around the lower cylinder liner flanges l8 and the construction of their upper ends keeps them concentric with the cylinders l0, and the flattened portions serve the further purpose of permitting them to be used with cylinders arranged closer together than would otherwise be the case.

'I'heupper ends of the sleeves 25 at the exhaust side of the cylinder block have long recesses 28 or outlets extending from A to E, Figure 2, which recesses have depending deeper parts 29 at their central portions; the purpose of the recesses being to direct the flow of cooling liquid from inside the sleeves upward and into the interior of the head past and about the passage for the spark plug C upon the exhaust side, and past the seats of the two exhaust valves and the ports and passages leading from the exhaust valves. The position of a recess and spark plug, and of the two exhaust valves and their seats and ports, and the direction of the flow of cooling liquid is indicated by arrows in Figures 1 and 3; from which it follows that copious and definitely directed streams of cooling liquid are caused to flow past the parts referred to and into the interior of the head thereby cooling the spark plug and the exhaust valve seats more effectively than would otherwise be the case. I

Less extensive recesses or outlets 30 are provided at the upper ends of the sleeves at the intake or supply side of the cylinder block which likewise cause localized and directed streams of cooling liquid to flow past the spark plugs D upon intake side of the block, and past the intake valve seats and their ports and into the head. Obviously the parts upon the intake side of the block require less cooling than similar parts upon the exhaust side and the smaller recess 30 will ordinarily provide suflicient cooling upon the intake side, but if more cooling than they provide is deemed necessary holes 3| may be provided in the upper ends of the sleeves 25 at the sides of the recesses 30 t'hrough which additional cooling liquid flows and mingles with the streams flowing through the recesses 30; in which case cooling of the spark plugs D is due mainly to cooling liquid flowing through the recesses 30, and cooling of the intake valve seats and of the ports leading thereto to that same flow augmented, however, by cooling liquid flowing through the holes 3|. Cooling liquid flowing through both the recesses 28 and 30 enters the space 1 inside the head, and is withdrawn therefrom by a suitable pump which returns it to a manifold extending along the lower endof the jacket H and which discharges into the interiors of the sleeves 25 through a series of passages as next appears.

The numeral 32 designates a manifold which is formed, preferably, integrally with the jacket l4 and extends along the lower end thereof, and through which cooling liquid is supplied to the interiors of all the sleeves 25, to which end the sleeves are provided with holes 33 which register with passages leading from inside the manifold through the jacket wall, as shown in Figure l. The flow of cooling liquid through these passages is regulated by metering plugs 34 which screw into threaded openings in the jacket wall, and which plugs have apertures of various sizes so that the volume of cooling liquid discharged into the several jackets may be varied by using plugs having different sizes of openings, whereby substantially equal amounts of cooling liquid may be supplied to the lower end of each sleeve. The manifold 32 is provided with threaded openings oppositethe metering plugs 34 which openings are closed by imperforate plugs 35 which may .be removed to permit the use of metering plugs having apertures of varying sizes, to thereby provide for the flow of uniform volumes of cooling liquid to the several sleeves 25.

This is a feature of importance in multiple cylinder internal combustion engines as by using plugs having openings of. appropriate sizes uniform cooling may be secured throughout the length of a cylinder block and uniform cooling of the several cylinders which comprise the same. Furthermore, the use of such plugs permits the conduit through which cooling liquid returns to the usual cooling liquid pump to be connected with either end of the passage 1 within the cylinder head, thus permitting an engine to be used to propel either tractor or pusher types of airplanes; as all that is necessary in any case is to select and use plugs having openings of such 1. In liquid cooling means for internal com-- bustion engines and in combination with a cylinder, a jacket enclosing said cylinder and spaced therefrom to provide a chamber between the two,

and a hollow head with the interior of'w'hich 1'5 the upper end of said chamber communicates and which head has a valve controlled port through which exhaust gases flow from said cylinder; a tubular sleeve surrounding said cylinder and arranged within said chamber and through which cooling liquid flows into said head, and the upper end of which sleeve is provided with an outlet arranged so as to direct a stream of cooling liquid toward 'said port; said sleeve having an opening at its lower end through which cooling liquid is supplied directly into the interior thereof.

2. In liquid cooling means for internal combustion engines and in combination with a cylinder, a jacket enclosing said cylinder and spaced therefrom to provide a chamber between the two, and a hollow head having supply and exhaust ports and passages communicating with said ports; a tubular sleeve'surrounding said cylinder and arranged within said chamber and through which cooling liquid flows into said head, and the upper end of which sleeve is provided with outlets arranged so as to direct streams of cooling liquid toward said supply and exhaust ports and passages; said sleeve having an opening at its lower end through which cooling liquid is supplied directly into the interior thereof.

3. In liquid cooling means for internal combustion engines and in combination with a plurality of cylinders, a jacket enclosing all of said cylinders and spaced therefrom to provide a chamber within said jacket, and a hollow head having valve controlled ports; tubular sleeves one surrounding each of said cylinders and arranged within said chamber and through which cooling liquid flows into said head, and the upper ends of which sleeves have outlets arranged so as to direct streams of cooling liquid toward said ports; a cooling liquid supply manifold extending along the lower end of said jacket whereby cooling liquid is supplied to the interiors of all of said sleeves; and means associated with each sleeve for regulating the flow of cooling from said manifold into the lower ends of each of said sleeves.

4. In liquid cooling means for internal combustion engines and in combination with a plurality of cylinders, a jacket enclosing all of said cylinders and spaced therefrom to provide a chamber within said jacket, and a hollow head having valve controlled ports; tubular sleeves surrounding said cylinders and arranged within said chamber and through which cooling liquid flows into said head, and the upper ends of which sleeves are enlarged and have flattened parts in contact to prevent said sleeves from turning, and which sleeves have outlets at their upper ends arranged so as to direct streams of cooling liquid toward said ports; and a cooling liquid supply manifold extending along the lower end of said jacket and discharging into the lower ends of said sleeves through openings therein adjacent said lower ends.

5. In liquid cooling means for internal combustion engines and in combination with a plurality of cylinders, a jacket enclosing all of said cylinders and spaced therefrom to provide a chamber within said jacket, and a hollow head 'having valve controlled ports; tubular sleeves surrounding said cylinders and arranged within said chamber and through which cooling liquid flows into said head, and the upper ends of which sleeves have outlets arranged so as to direct streams of cooling liquid toward said ports; a cooling liquid supply manifold extending along the lower end of said jacket and from which cooling liquid flows into the lower ends of said sleeves; and metering plugs included in the passage between said manifold and said sleeves for regulating the flow of cooling liquid into said sleeves.

6. In liquid cooling means for internal combustion engines and in combination with a pinrality of cylinders, a jacket enclosing all of said cylinders and spaced therefrom to provide a chamber within said jacket, and a hollow head having valve controlled ports; tubular sleeves surrounding said cylinders and arranged within said chamber and through which cooling liquid flows into said head; a cooling liquid supply manifold extending along the lower end of said jacket; means for providing passages through which cooling liquid may flow from said manifold into the interiors of said sleeves; and a plurality of metering plugs, one associated with each of said passages, for regulating the volumes of cooling liquid flowing from said manifold into said sleeves.

RONALD M. HAZEN. 

